{"id":18670,"date":"2020-03-26T23:20:52","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T22:20:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18670"},"modified":"2020-03-26T23:22:03","modified_gmt":"2020-03-26T22:22:03","slug":"virove-lekce-zacatecnici-x-az-stredne-pokrocili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18670","title":{"rendered":"Virov\u00e9 lekce – za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci X (a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00ed)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mat na posledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b – p\u0159\u00edklady<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady budou slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, mnoh\u00e9 jsou velmi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a slavn\u00e9 – \u0161achov\u00e1 klasika.

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Kdy\u017e mus\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 figury kr\u00fdt posledn\u00ed \u0159adu, vlastn\u011b nic na jin\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nekryj\u00ed. Zde b\u00edl\u00fd zahraje\u00a01. Dxd4!!\u00a0<\/strong>(kombinace na t\u00e9ma odl\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed) a \u010dern\u00fd ztratil jezdce, proto\u017ee po\u00a01. … Vxd4?\u00a0<\/strong>je\u00a02. Ve8 mat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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O odl\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed se lze pokou\u0161et i bez bran\u00ed. Obr\u00e1nce si mus\u00ed uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee br\u00e1t se nemus\u00ed, tady mu to ale nepom\u016f\u017ee:\u00a01. Dd4!!\u00a0<\/strong>je vidli\u010dka, \u010dern\u00fd mus\u00ed n\u011bco d\u011blat s napadenou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed a nepokryje st\u0159elce a4. Op\u011bt nejde\u00a01. … Vxd4? 2. Vc8+ Vd8 3. Vxd8+ Se8 4. Vxe8 mat.\u00a0<\/strong>(\u010cern\u00fd by sice dal r\u00e1d mat s\u00e1m d\u00e1mou na b1, ale nem\u016f\u017ee – je v \u0161achu.)<\/p>\n

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Tohle nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b klasick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad na posledn\u00ed \u0159adu, ale vlastn\u011b taky ano – b\u00edl\u00fd kr\u00e1l bere \u010dern\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li pole na sedm\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u011b, jako vlastn\u00ed p\u011b\u0161ci. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00fd bude jen m\u011bnit v\u011b\u017ee s rem\u00edzou, ale po\u00a01. Vdd7!!\u00a0<\/strong>je \u010dern\u00fd navzdory rovn\u00e9mu materi\u00e1lu ztracen – nem\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1t ani jednu v\u011b\u017e pro mat na osm\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b. \u010cern\u00fd tedy nem\u016f\u017ee nic podniknout a jen bezmocn\u011b \u010dek\u00e1, a\u017e dostane mat d\u00edky „harmonice“ po sedm\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b – jin\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9ma – jako nap\u0159.\u00a01. … Kf8 2. Vf7+ Kg8 3. Vg7+ Kh8 4. Vh7+ Kg8 5. Vcg7+ Kf8 6. Vh8 mat.\u00a0<\/strong>Tak p\u0159ece jen na posledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b. Uk\u00e1zka je taky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 na t\u00e9ma prostor. (Nev\u00ed n\u011bkdo, co to je? N\u011bjak\u00e1 studie? U\u017e nev\u00edm, kde jsem to vid\u011bl.)

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Podobn\u00fd motiv vyu\u017eil \u010dern\u00fd v partii F\u00fcster – Balogh (Budape\u0161\u0165, 1945). Op\u011bt to vypad\u00e1 jen na v\u00fdm\u011bnu v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, ale po\u00a01. … Db2!!\u00a0<\/strong>se b\u00edl\u00fd vzdal. Ten tah je vlastn\u011b chycen\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee a1, kter\u00e1 je dvakr\u00e1t napaden\u00e1 a jen jednou chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1. Bran\u00ed d\u00e1my nebo bran\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee kon\u010d\u00ed zase matem na prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b, nesta\u010d\u00ed ani Dd1 pro Dxf2+ a Dxg2 mat.<\/p>\n

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Dal\u0161\u00ed velmi slavn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad, Bernstein – Capablanca, Moskva 1914. Slab\u00e1 prvn\u00ed \u0159ada bije do o\u010d\u00ed, ale i \u010dern\u00fd mus\u00ed d\u00e1vat pozor. Po p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e9m 1. … Db1+ 2. Df1 Vd1?? by p\u0159i\u0161lo 3. Vc8+ s matem! Capablanca ale zahr\u00e1l\u00a01. … Db2!! <\/strong>To je odl\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed, po 2. Dxb2 je Vd1 mat. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to vidli\u010dka na v\u011b\u017e a d\u00e1mu – a nepom\u016f\u017ee nic. Po 2. De1 je 2. … Dxc3!!, po 2. Vc2 Db1+! 3. Df1 Dxc2. A kone\u010dn\u011b kdyby b\u00edl\u00fd zkusil protiob\u011b\u0165 2. Dd3!?, \u010dern\u00fd nevezme 2. … Vxd3?? 3. Vc8+, ale d\u00e1 2. … Da1+ 3. Df1 Dxc3.<\/p>\n

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Jin\u00fd skvost budouc\u00edho mistra sv\u011bta, partie Capablanca – Fonarov, New York 1918. B\u00edl\u00e9mu vis\u00ed d\u00e1ma i jezdec na h6, m\u011bl ale v z\u00e1loze p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed.\u00a01. Dxe5!! Dxe5 2. Jxf7+!!\u00a0<\/strong>Vidli\u010dka, \u010dern\u00fd ztrat\u00ed d\u00e1mu a bude m\u00edt o jezdce m\u00e9n\u011b. \u010cern\u00fd se vzdal, po 2. … Vxf7? by p\u0159i\u0161lo 3. Vd8+ a mat za dva tahy. Kombinace je slo\u017een\u00e1 z v\u00edce motiv\u016f, ale matem na posledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b to kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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No a kone\u010dn\u011b nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f na osmou \u0159adu, partie Adams – Torre, New Orleans 1920. To u\u017e je opravdu slo\u017eit\u00e9. Pokro\u010dil\u00ed (pokud to nezn\u00e1te opravdu do detailu) si mohou zkou\u0161et propo\u010det variant, za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci se aspo\u0148 m\u016f\u017eou pod\u00edvat, co v\u0161echno je v \u0161achu mo\u017en\u00e9. V klidu si to postavte na desku a za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me:\u00a01. Dg4!!\u00a0<\/strong>Sna\u017e\u00ed se odl\u00e1kat d\u00e1mu od kryt\u00ed pole e8.\u00a01. … Db5! 2. Dc4!!\u00a0<\/strong>Pozor, kdyby b\u00edl\u00fd zkusil d\u00e1mu definitivn\u011b vyhnat tahem 2. a4?, vy\u0161la by kombinace na slabou prvn\u00ed \u0159adu naopak \u010dern\u00e9mu! 2. … Dxe2!! 3. Vxe2 Vc1+ a nesta\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edstavit ani v\u011b\u017e, ani jezdce, nap\u0159. 4. Je1 Vxe1+!! 5. Vxe1 Vxe1 mat.\u00a02. … Dd7\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00edlou d\u00e1mu ne\u0161lo br\u00e1t ani d\u00e1mou, ani v\u011b\u017e\u00ed – ob\u011b mus\u00ed kr\u00fdt e8. No jo, ale co te\u010f, pomohl si b\u00edl\u00fd oproti \u00favodn\u00ed pozici?\u00a03. Dc7!!\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00edl\u00e1 d\u00e1ma se proch\u00e1z\u00ed st\u0159edem \u010dern\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jako po promen\u00e1d\u011b. Op\u011bt nejde br\u00e1t ni\u010d\u00edm. A zase je napaden\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00e1ma a ned\u00e1 se kr\u00fdt ani jednou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, tak\u017ee zase zp\u00e1tky:\u00a03. … Db5<\/strong> (po 3. … Da4 p\u0159ijde 4. b3 Db5 5. a4).\u00a0 A je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed kouzl\u016fm konec! Kdyby te\u010f b\u00edl\u00fd sebral 4. Dxb7??, zase by p\u0159i\u0161lo 4. … Dxe2!!, b\u00edl\u00e1 d\u00e1ma mus\u00ed ucp\u00e1vat c sloupec.\u00a04. a4!!\u00a0<\/strong>Po t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kanon\u00e1d\u011b jde do boje ten nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b na kraji.\u00a04. … Dxa4 5. Ve4!!\u00a0<\/strong>V\u011b\u017e se ned\u00e1 br\u00e1t ani v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, ani d\u00e1mou; a hlavn\u011b se uh\u00fdb\u00e1 z pole e2, kde ji v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch variant\u00e1ch brala \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00e1ma.\u00a05. … Db5\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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A a\u017e te\u010f kone\u010dn\u011b\u00a06. Dxb7!!\u00a0<\/strong>a d\u00e1ma u\u017e se na diagon\u00e1le a4-e8 neudr\u017e\u00ed. \u0160achy jsou \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mat na posledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b – p\u0159\u00edklady Dne\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady budou slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, mnoh\u00e9 jsou velmi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a slavn\u00e9 – \u0161achov\u00e1 klasika. Kdy\u017e mus\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 figury kr\u00fdt posledn\u00ed \u0159adu, vlastn\u011b nic na jin\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nekryj\u00ed. Zde b\u00edl\u00fd zahraje\u00a01. Dxd4!!\u00a0(kombinace na t\u00e9ma odl\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed) a \u010dern\u00fd ztratil jezdce, proto\u017ee po\u00a01. … Vxd4?\u00a0je\u00a02. Ve8 mat. O odl\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed se lze pokou\u0161et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[7,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mladez","category-trenink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18680,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18670\/revisions\/18680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}