{"id":18687,"date":"2020-03-28T21:31:23","date_gmt":"2020-03-28T20:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18687"},"modified":"2020-03-28T21:33:52","modified_gmt":"2020-03-28T20:33:52","slug":"virove-lekce-zacatecnici-xi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18687","title":{"rendered":"Virov\u00e9 lekce – za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci XI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kr\u00e1l a p\u011b\u0161ec proti kr\u00e1li – \u010dtverec, opozice<\/strong><\/p>\n

Abyste mohli pokra\u010dovat, \u010dek\u00e1m, \u017ee um\u00edte d\u00e1t mat v\u011b\u017e\u00ed (viz lekce I) a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u00e1mou.

I kdy\u017e na konci zbude hr\u00e1\u010di jedin\u00fd p\u011b\u0161ec, d\u00e1 se \u010dasto partie vyhr\u00e1t, pokud se p\u011b\u0161ec na posledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b prom\u011bn\u00ed v d\u00e1mu (nebo v\u011b\u017e).

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee p\u011b\u0161ec chod\u00ed o jedno a kr\u00e1l taky, d\u00e1 se snadno spo\u010d\u00edtat, jestli kr\u00e1l p\u011b\u0161ce chyt\u00ed.\u00a0Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 p\u011b\u0161ec n\u00e1skok, ute\u010de<\/strong> – kr\u00e1l nedovede zrychlit. Zde se \u010dern\u00fd na tahu m\u016f\u017ee marn\u011b sna\u017eit, po 1. … Kc2 2. c4 Kc3 3. c5<\/strong> atd. p\u011b\u0161ec ut\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Kr\u00e1l ale – narozd\u00edl od p\u011b\u0161ce – chod\u00ed i \u0161ikmo a\u00a0pozor! v \u0161achu je \u0161ikm\u00e1 cesta stejn\u011b dlouh\u00e1 jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1!\u00a0<\/strong>Tak\u017ee tady to opticky m\u016f\u017ee vypadat, \u017ee \u010derven\u00e1 cesta je del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zelen\u00e1, ale nen\u00ed! I kdy\u017e je b\u00edl\u00fd na tahu, \u010dern\u00fd ho chytne.\u00a01. c4 Kg4 2. c5 Kf5 3. c6 Ke6 4. c7 Kd7<\/strong> a m\u00e1 ho! 5. c8D+ Kxc8\u00a0<\/strong>Vid\u00edte? U\u017e um\u00edte propo\u010d\u00edtat p\u011btitahovou variantu!<\/p>\n

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Pom\u016fckou na to je pravidlo \u010dtverce<\/strong>: strana \u010dtverce sah\u00e1 od p\u011b\u0161ce k prom\u011bnn\u00e9mu poli – a pokud je kr\u00e1l ve \u010dtverci (nebo je na tahu a vstoup\u00ed do n\u011bj), p\u011b\u0161ce chyt\u00e1. Pr\u00fd jste to na krou\u017eku ned\u00e1vno brali. (J\u00e1 s\u00e1m jsem si t\u00edm pravidlem nikdy nebyl moc jist a rad\u0161i jsem tahy po\u010d\u00edtal :-). )<\/p>\n

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Pozor na p\u011b\u0161ce na druh\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b, tam pravidlo \u010dtverce m\u016f\u017ee klamat, p\u011b\u0161ec t\u00e1hne o dv\u011b pole! B\u00edl\u00fd zahraje\u00a01. a4<\/strong> a t\u00edm \u010dtverec zmen\u0161\u00ed tak, \u017ee se do n\u011bj \u010dern\u00fd sv\u00fdm tahem nedostane – b\u00edl\u00fd vyhraje.<\/p>\n

Pokud soupe\u0159\u016fv kr\u00e1l p\u011b\u0161ce chyt\u00e1, mus\u00ed pomoci vlastn\u00ed kr\u00e1l.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Existuje n\u011bjak\u00e1 teorie kritick\u00fdch pol\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee kdy\u017e kr\u00e1l obsad\u00ed jedno z kritick\u00fdch pol\u00ed sv\u00e9ho p\u011b\u0161ce, vyhraje. Kritick\u00e1 pole jsem tu obarvil – pro pb2 zelen\u011b, pro pd5 \u010derven\u011b, pro pg7 \u017elut\u011b. Jen\u017ee jak si m\u00e1 za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk pamatovat, kde ta kritick\u00e1 pole jsou? Mo\u017en\u00e1 je rad\u0161i zat\u00edm pus\u0165te z hlavy, uk\u00e1\u017eeme si to jinak.

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\u010cern\u00fd se br\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u011b tak, \u017ee stoj\u00ed p\u011b\u0161ci v cest\u011b. B\u00edl\u00fd proto mus\u00ed vytla\u010dit kr\u00e1le sv\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem – „kr\u00e1l d\u011bl\u00e1 p\u011b\u0161ci cesti\u010dku“.\u00a0<\/strong>K tomu slou\u017e\u00ed\u00a0opozice<\/strong> – postaven\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f proti sob\u011b. B\u00edl\u00fd tu zahraje\u00a01. Kc4!<\/strong> (pozor, v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed tahy jsou jen remis!) a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e9mu: „Uhni!“. D\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee hra vypadat t\u0159eba takhle:\u00a01 … Kb6 2. Kd5! Kb5 3. c4+\u00a0<\/strong>(lze i 3. c3 Kb6 4. c4 Kc7 5. Kc5 atd.)\u00a03. … Kb6 4. Kd6! Kb7 5. c5 Kc8 6. Kc6<\/strong>!\u00a0<\/strong>(znova opozice, jen ne 6. c6?? Kd8 remis!)\u00a06. … Kd8 7. Kb7 Kd7 8. c6+\u00a0<\/strong>atd.

Kdyby snad cht\u011bl \u010dern\u00fd ustoupit kr\u00e1lem na c8 a tam se dr\u017eet, neudr\u017e\u00ed se. Nap\u0159. 1. Kc4 Kc7 2. Kc5! Kc8 3. Kc6! Kd8 4. c4 Kc8 5. c5 Kd8 6. Kb7+-.<\/p>\n

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Pozor, kr\u00e1l tedy mus\u00ed chodit (skoro a\u017e do konce) p\u0159ed p\u011b\u0161cem! Tady vyhraje\u00a01. Kd5!<\/strong>, naopak jen remizuje\u00a01. d5??.<\/p>\n

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Je\u0161t\u011b jednou – d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je opozice<\/strong>. Tady vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a01. Kb4!<\/strong>, nap\u0159.\u00a01. … Kc6 2. Kc4!\u00a0<\/strong>a to u\u017e zn\u00e1me.\u00a0 Hrubkou by bylo 1. Kc4?? Kc6 remis!<\/p>\n

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Kdy\u017e dojde obr\u00e1nce na kraj, je na tom je\u0161t\u011b h\u016f\u0159. Tady mu ani opozice nen\u00ed nic platn\u00e1. B\u00edl\u00fd na tahu mus\u00ed se mus\u00ed opozice vzd\u00e1t, stejn\u011b ale vyhraje.\u00a01. Kb6\u00a0<\/strong>(i 1. Kd6, je to jedno)\u00a01. … Kb8 2. c6\u00a0<\/strong>(tady u\u017e nevad\u00ed, \u017ee kr\u00e1l nen\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u011b\u0161cem)\u00a02. … Kc8<\/strong> (po 2. … Ka8 ne 3. c7?? pat, ale 3. Kc7+-) 3. c7 Kd7 4. Kb7 +-.\u00a0<\/strong>(Kdy\u017e ale posunete pozici na diagramu o \u0159adu n\u00ed\u017e, b\u00edl\u00fd na tahu nevyhraje.)<\/p>\n

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Tady se hod\u00ed zn\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pravidlo: p\u011b\u0161ec na sedm\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b nesm\u00ed d\u00e1vat \u0161ach!<\/strong> Tady je\u00a01. c7<\/strong> bez \u0161achu, tedy b\u00edl\u00fd vyhr\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Naopak tady je\u00a01. c7+ <\/strong>se \u0161achem, tedy remis. Po 1. … Kc8<\/strong> p\u0159ijde bu\u010f 2. Kc6 pat<\/strong>, nebo b\u00edl\u00fd p\u011b\u0161ce ztrat\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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To, \u017ee je n\u011bjak\u00e1 pozice rem\u00edzov\u00e1, ale je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee rem\u00edzou skon\u010d\u00ed, je t\u0159eba ji spr\u00e1vn\u011b br\u00e1nit. Tady rem\u00edzuje jedin\u011b\u00a01. Kd1!<\/strong> a v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm tahu p\u016fjdeme na jednu nebo na druhou stranu do opozice – po Kc3 p\u0159ijde Kc1, po Ke3 zase Ke1. \u010cern\u00fd to m\u016f\u017ee zkou\u0161et horem dolem, obch\u00e1zet r\u016fzn\u00e1 pole na \u010dtvrt\u00e9 nebo p\u00e1t\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b, ale sta\u010d\u00ed tahat kr\u00e1lem na sloupci pod p\u011b\u0161cem: Kd1-d2-d1-d2-d1 … <\/strong>Nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u00a01. … Kc4\u00a0<\/strong>nesm\u00edme d\u00e1t 2. Kc1?? Kc3!-+, ale\u00a02. Kd2 Kd4 3. Kd1!<\/strong> atd.<\/p>\n

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V\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed krajn\u00ed p\u011b\u0161ci. Tam se vyhr\u00e1t ned\u00e1 (krom\u011b pozic, kdy kr\u00e1l nen\u00ed ve \u010dtverci nebo mu stoj\u00ed soupe\u0159\u016fv kr\u00e1l v cest\u011b). Tady sta\u010d\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9mu tahat\u00a0Ka8-b8-a8-b8\u00a0<\/strong>a b\u00edl\u00fd nedojde nikam, leda do patu (kdyby do\u0161el b\u00edl\u00fd kr\u00e1lem na c7, p\u0159ijde zase Ka7).<\/p>\n

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A dokonce je rem\u00edzov\u00e1 i pozice, kde to \u010dern\u00fd kr\u00e1l pod p\u011b\u0161ce nestihl, proto\u017ee aspo\u0148 nepust\u00ed soupe\u0159ova kr\u00e1le z pasti.\u00a01. … Kc8! 2. a7 Kc7 pat. <\/strong>Nebo\u00a02. Ka7 Kc7\u00a0<\/strong>tik tak tik tak …

Ani b\u00edl\u00fd na tahu by tu nevyhr\u00e1l, sice m\u016f\u017ee vyl\u00e9zt z pasti po\u00a01. Ka7 Kc8 2. Kb6,\u00a0<\/strong>ale to zase pustil kr\u00e1le do kouta:\u00a02. … Kb8\u00a0<\/strong>remis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kr\u00e1l a p\u011b\u0161ec proti kr\u00e1li – \u010dtverec, opozice Abyste mohli pokra\u010dovat, \u010dek\u00e1m, \u017ee um\u00edte d\u00e1t mat v\u011b\u017e\u00ed (viz lekce I) a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u00e1mou. I kdy\u017e na konci zbude hr\u00e1\u010di jedin\u00fd p\u011b\u0161ec, d\u00e1 se \u010dasto partie vyhr\u00e1t, pokud se p\u011b\u0161ec na posledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b prom\u011bn\u00ed v d\u00e1mu (nebo v\u011b\u017e). \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 Proto\u017ee p\u011b\u0161ec […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[7,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mladez","category-trenink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18687"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18706,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18687\/revisions\/18706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}