{"id":18728,"date":"2020-04-01T21:48:38","date_gmt":"2020-04-01T20:48:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18728"},"modified":"2020-04-01T21:49:10","modified_gmt":"2020-04-01T20:49:10","slug":"virove-lekce-zacatecnici-xiii-az-stredne-pokrocili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18728","title":{"rendered":"Virov\u00e9 lekce – za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci XIII (a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00ed)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Z\u00e1sady zah\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u017e jsme je na krou\u017eku m\u011bli, ale kdo je dodr\u017euje? Jsou t\u0159i: centrum, v\u00fdvin, roch\u00e1da.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Tah 1. h4?\u00a0<\/strong>nedodr\u017euje ani jednu z t\u011bch t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1sad. V\u016fbec nebojuje o centrum<\/strong>, nevyv\u00edj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou figuru<\/strong> (trochu v\u011b\u017e, ale ta na h3 stejn\u011b nep\u016fjde, byla by tam snadno napadena st\u0159elcem z c8. A malou roch\u00e1du<\/strong> u\u017e potom b\u00edl\u00fd neud\u011bl\u00e1<\/strong> – kr\u00e1l by tam nebyl kryt. (Pros\u00edm, pokro\u010dil\u00ed, nepi\u0161te mi sem, \u017ee jsou borci, kte\u0159\u00ed tahy jako h4 hraj\u00ed v extralize, j\u00e1 v\u00edm.)<\/p>\n

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Tah 1. f3?<\/strong> tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd. Sice bojuje o st\u0159ed (o pole e4), ale ned\u011bl\u00e1 nic pro v\u00fdvin (naopak, ucp\u00e1v\u00e1 pole jezdci) a oslabuje kr\u00e1le p\u0159ed roch\u00e1dou i po roch\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n

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To\u00a01. e4!<\/strong>, to je jin\u00e1!\u00a0Centrum obsazuje<\/strong>, z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u016fsob\u00ed na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pole d5<\/strong> (a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pole f5). Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vyv\u00edjet st\u0159elce f1<\/strong>, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i d\u00e1mu. Jedin\u00fd tah – a tolik v\u00fdhod! (Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jsou \u00fapln\u011b dobr\u00e9 i jin\u00e9 tahy, zejm\u00e9na 1. d4, 1. c4 a 1. Jf3. Ale probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed po 1. e4, jsou pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edka v\u00edc srozumiteln\u00e9.)<\/p>\n

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\u010cern\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t\u00a01. … e5<\/strong>, to jsou tzv. otev\u0159en\u00e9 hry<\/strong>. Smysl to m\u00e1 podobn\u00fd – obsazen\u00ed centra, kontrola pol\u00ed d4 a f4, v\u00fdvin st\u0159elce. (Jin\u00fdch tah\u016f je op\u011bt spousta, nap\u0159. 1. … e6, 1. … d6, 1. … d5, 1. … c5!, 1. … c6. Vid\u00edte, co v\u00e1s v\u0161echno v \u0161achu \u010dek\u00e1?)

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B\u00edl\u00fd m\u00e1 op\u011bt \u0159adu dobr\u00fdch tah\u016f (2. Jc3, 2. Sc4, 2. d4, 2. f4!?), ale nej\u010dast\u011bji se hraje\u00a02. Jf3<\/strong>. Jezdec m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pole d4 a e5 a na e5 u\u017e napad\u00e1 p\u011b\u0161ce. V \u0161achu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 aktivita<\/strong> – tady b\u00edl\u00fd nut\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9ho, aby se br\u00e1nil, hned ho dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pod tlak.<\/p>\n

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\u010cern\u00fd kryje p\u011b\u0161ce nej\u010dast\u011bji\u00a02. … Jc6<\/strong> – tedy s v\u00fdvinem figury a op\u011bt p\u016fsoben\u00edm na centrum. (Lze i 2. … d6, pokud v\u00e1m nevad\u00ed, \u017ee jste ucpali \u010dernopoln\u00e9ho st\u0159elce. A taky je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u011b\u0161ce nekr\u00fdt, ale hr\u00e1t na proti\u00fatok 2. … Jf6.)<\/p>\n

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Krom\u011b dobr\u00fdch tah\u016f 3. Sc4, 3. Jc3 a 3. d4 je tu op\u011bt \u00fato\u010dn\u00fd tah\u00a03. Sb5!\u00a0<\/strong>Takzvan\u00e1 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 hra. Jezdec, kter\u00fd kryje p\u011b\u0161ce, je napaden a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sebr\u00e1n – op\u011bt boj o centrum. Po tahu d p\u011b\u0161cem zase bude v\u00e1z\u00e1n. \u010cern\u00fd u\u017e m\u00e1 s kryt\u00edm pe5 probl\u00e9my, vlastn\u011b to jde jen tahem\u00a03. … d6?!<\/strong> a ten nen\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed – je to moc obran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9. (V\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed tahy, kter\u00e9 se ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 hraj\u00ed, jsou zalo\u017eeny na my\u0161lence proti\u00fatoku: 3. … a6, 3. … Jf6, 3. … Sc5 a dal\u0161\u00ed).<\/p>\n

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4. d4!\u00a0<\/strong>Kdy\u017e m\u00e1 hr\u00e1\u010d aktivitu, m\u00e1 do soupe\u0159e bu\u0161it bez p\u0159est\u00e1vky. Tah d4 u\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 hru – p\u011b\u0161ci v centru se asi vym\u011bn\u00ed a to je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro toho, kdo \u00fato\u010d\u00ed. Zase (u\u017e pot\u0159et\u00ed) je napaden pe5, m\u016f\u017ee se vyv\u00edjet \u010dernopol\u00e1k, dal\u0161\u00ed pole z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00e1ma. A hroz\u00ed i d5 (v\u00e1zanou figurku napadneme).

Ale pozor: abyste takhle hr\u00e1li, mus\u00edte ovl\u00e1dat b\u011b\u017enou taktiku – napad\u00e1n\u00ed, kryt\u00ed a \u00fastup figurek; mus\u00edte spo\u010d\u00edtat nebo dokonce hned vid\u011bt, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00fd o p\u011b\u0161ce nep\u0159ijde. \u0158e\u0161\u00edte diagramy?<\/p>\n

\u010cern\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t\u00a04. … exd4<\/strong>. P\u011b\u0161ec e5 u\u017e se kr\u00fdt rozumn\u011b nedal (tah f6 ucpe jezdce, tah De7 ucpe st\u0159elce). (Pozn. pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9: \u010dern\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b br\u00e1t nemus\u00ed, ale nejpozd\u011bji v 7. tahu ano – viz partie Tarrasch – Marco, 1892).<\/p>\n

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5. Jxd4\u00a0<\/strong>B\u00edl\u00fd v\u00fdm\u011bnou z\u00edskal v\u00fdvinov\u00e9 tempo (\u010dern\u00fd p\u011b\u0161ec, kter\u00fd bral, je pry\u010d, naopak b\u00edl\u00fd jezdec, kter\u00fd bral, se dostal do \u00fatoku). (Pozn.: lze i 5. Dxd4!, jezdec je ve vazb\u011b a b\u00edl\u00fd chce hr\u00e1t 0-0-0. Ale za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci by si na d\u00e1mu m\u011bli rad\u0161i d\u00e1vat pozor.) \u010cern\u00fd op\u011bt nem\u00e1 \u010das na klidn\u00fd v\u00fdvin, mus\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it hrozbu Jxc6 a pak Sxc6+ vidle. To lze tahem 5. … Sd7<\/strong>. Ale vid\u00edte, \u017ee to nen\u00ed nijak aktivn\u00ed tah, \u010dern\u00fd se od za\u010d\u00e1tku mus\u00ed br\u00e1nit jako outsider ve fotbale, v tom je v\u00fdhoda prvn\u00edho tahu b\u00edl\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

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6. Jc3\u00a0<\/strong>je dobr\u00fd v\u00fdvinov\u00fd tah. Vyv\u00edj\u00edme hlavn\u011b lehk\u00e9 figury a sm\u011brem do centra. (Nav\u00edc do z\u00e1soby kryje Sb5. kter\u00fd by po Jxd4 mohl b\u00fdt napaden.) (Pozn.: jde i 0-0.)\u00a06. … Jf6 <\/strong>Ano, spr\u00e1vn\u011b, jezdec do centra.

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7. 0-0! <\/strong>A tady m\u00e1me d\u016fle\u017eitou t\u0159et\u00ed z\u00e1sadu, roch\u00e1du. Kr\u00e1l se schov\u00e1v\u00e1 z otev\u0159en\u00e9ho centra za hradbu p\u011b\u0161c\u016f, naopak v\u011b\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do hry a chce pr\u00e1v\u011b do otev\u0159en\u00e9ho centra. 7. … Se7 <\/strong>V\u00fdvin, roch\u00e1da – ale vid\u00edte, \u017ee mo\u017enosti \u010dern\u00e9ho jsou skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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8. Ve1<\/strong> A p\u011bt bod\u016f se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do hry, v\u011b\u017ee pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed voln\u00e9 sloupce. Kr\u00e1l by m\u011bl honem ze sloupce ut\u00e9ct.\u00a08. … 0-0\u00a0

<\/strong>A zah\u00e1jen\u00ed m\u00e1me skoro za sebou, jsme na prahu st\u0159edn\u00ed hry a tady v\u0161echno za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1, zku\u0161en\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e m\u00e1me hodnotit pozici, ur\u010dovat pl\u00e1n hry atd.

Za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky bych tu pochv\u00e1lil, kdyby se d\u00e1l vyv\u00edjeli, nap\u0159. 9. Sf4 nebo 9. Sg5. Nepochv\u00e1lil bych je, kdyby tu ned\u00e1vali pozor na figurky, nap\u0159. 9. Df3?? Jxd4.

(Pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed: tady je nejl\u00e9pe hr\u00e1t 9. Sxc6!\u00a0<\/strong>St\u0159elec na b5 u\u017e sv\u016fj \u00fakol splnil, naopak Jc6 vyv\u00edjel tlak na centrum, p\u0159\u00edp. hrozil rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdm\u011bnami. Po\u00a09. … bxc6\u00a0<\/strong>m\u016f\u017eeme uva\u017eovat, co d\u00e1l, nap\u0159.\u00a010. b3\u00a0<\/strong>s v\u00fdvinem st\u0159elce na dlouhou diagon\u00e1lu.)

Sliboval jsem z\u00e1klady, ale vlastn\u011b jste se dnes mohli dozv\u011bd\u011bt velmi mnoho ze \u0161achov\u00e9 strategie.\u00a0<\/strong>Ta je hodn\u011b zalo\u017een\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee neust\u00e1le sledujeme mo\u017enosti figur<\/strong>, sna\u017e\u00edme se, aby na\u0161e p\u016fsobily, soupe\u0159ovy pokud mo\u017eno nut\u00edme k nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9mu postaven\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z\u00e1sady zah\u00e1jen\u00ed U\u017e jsme je na krou\u017eku m\u011bli, ale kdo je dodr\u017euje? Jsou t\u0159i: centrum, v\u00fdvin, roch\u00e1da. Tah 1. h4?\u00a0nedodr\u017euje ani jednu z t\u011bch t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1sad. V\u016fbec nebojuje o centrum, nevyv\u00edj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou figuru (trochu v\u011b\u017e, ale ta na h3 stejn\u011b nep\u016fjde, byla by tam snadno napadena st\u0159elcem z c8. A malou roch\u00e1du u\u017e potom b\u00edl\u00fd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[7,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mladez","category-trenink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18728"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18744,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18728\/revisions\/18744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}