{"id":18791,"date":"2020-04-11T21:46:34","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T20:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18791"},"modified":"2020-04-11T21:49:02","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T20:49:02","slug":"virove-lekce-zacatecnici-xviii-az-str-p","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/?p=18791","title":{"rendered":"Virov\u00e9 lekce – za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci XVIII (a\u017e st\u0159. p.)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Odtah, odta\u017en\u00fd \u0161ach, dvoj\u0161ach<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Dne\u0161n\u00ed t\u00e9ma je podobn\u011b jako vazba t\u00e9ma geometrick\u00e9. Zase budeme m\u00edt t\u0159i figury v \u0159ad\u011b, tentokr\u00e1t ale ta prost\u0159edn\u00ed bude na\u0161e a odt\u00e1hne stranou, tak\u017ee se otev\u0159e dr\u00e1ha pro figuru za n\u00ed. Na prvn\u00edm diagramu b\u00edl\u00fd zahraje\u00a01. d4!\u00a0<\/strong>a t\u00edmto odtahem<\/strong> b\u00edl\u00fd st\u0159elec napad\u00e1 d\u00e1mu, tak\u017ee po jej\u00edm \u00fastupu p\u0159ijde dxc5 a b\u00edl\u00fd z\u00edsk\u00e1 st\u0159elce.

Pozor, o hroz\u00edc\u00edm odtahu mus\u00edte v\u011bd\u011bt, \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00e1ma by se na g5 m\u011bla c\u00edtit v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Principem odtahu tedy je, aby p\u0159edn\u00ed figurka jednak ustoupila t\u00e9 zadn\u00ed, jednak sama n\u011bco napadla. Je to vlastn\u011b dvoj\u00ed \u00fader, ale p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159i n\u011bm dv\u011b figury. Tady b\u00edl\u00fd hraje\u00a01. Sf3!\u00a0<\/strong>a kv\u016fli napaden\u00ed d\u00e1my z\u00edsk\u00e1 kvalitu (toti\u017e v\u011b\u017e za st\u0159elce).<\/p>\n

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Odtah nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jen napaden\u00edm figur, ale i jinou hrozbou. Nap\u0159. zde b\u00edl\u00fd zahraje\u00a01. Jc4!<\/strong>\u00a0nebo\u00a01. Jc6!\u00a0<\/strong>a pro hrozbu matu na posledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1 st\u0159elce na a5.<\/p>\n

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Odta\u017en\u00e9 napaden\u00ed je je\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed figura \u0161ach – soupe\u0159 v\u016fbec nem\u016f\u017ee \u0159e\u0161it tu druhou hrozbu.\u00a01. g4+!\u00a0<\/strong>a v\u011b\u017e sebere v\u011b\u017e. B\u00edl\u00e1 \u010dernou.<\/p>\n

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Podobn\u011b tady:\u00a01. Je2+!\u00a0<\/strong>a st\u0159elec sebere v\u011b\u017e. Pak u\u017e jen um\u011bt matit st\u0159elcem a jezdcem. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

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Tady je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pozice z francouzsk\u00e9 obrany. \u010cern\u00fd \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na d4. nesm\u00ed tam v\u0161ak br\u00e1t zrovna. Po\u00a01. … Jxd4?? 2. Jxd4 <\/strong>ztratil jezdce, po\u00a02. … Dxd4?? 3. Sb5+! <\/strong>dokonce d\u00e1mu. (Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 je proto 1. … Sd7!, aby \u0161ach na b5 nevych\u00e1zel.)<\/p>\n

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N\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho (ale tro\u0161ku jin\u00e9ho) je odta\u017en\u00fd \u0161ach<\/strong>. Tam d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161ach ta zadn\u00ed figura, p\u0159edn\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed n\u011bco napadnout.\u00a01. Je2+!\u00a0<\/strong>a jezdec sebere v\u011b\u017e.<\/p>\n

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Tohle u\u017e zn\u00e1te, to je l\u00e9\u010dka v rusk\u00e9 h\u0159e (viz vazba).\u00a01. Jc6+!!\u00a0<\/strong>a \u010dern\u00fd ztrat\u00ed d\u00e1mu.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u010casto ani nevad\u00ed, \u017ee je \u0161achuj\u00edc\u00ed figura napaden\u00e1. Tady \u010dern\u00fd vyhraje jak po\u00a01. … c2+!<\/strong> (2. axb4 cxd1D+ nebo 2. Dd2 Sxd2+), tak i po\u00a01. … cxb2+! 2. axb4 bxa1D<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Odta\u017en\u00fd \u0161ach je prost\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou stra\u0161n\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, proto\u017ee n\u011bjak\u00e1 hrozba pro odtahuj\u00edc\u00ed figuru se skoro v\u017edycky najde.<\/p>\n

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A tady m\u00e1me \u00fapln\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad, kdy m\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00fd o mnoho figur m\u00e9n\u011b a ob\u011b zbyl\u00e9 jsou napaden\u00e9 (vlastn\u011b ne, st\u0159elec napaden nen\u00ed – pro\u010d?), p\u0159esto opakovan\u00fdm odta\u017en\u00fdm \u0161achem z\u00edsk\u00e1 skoro v\u0161echny soupe\u0159ovy figury – tomu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u00a0ml\u00fdn<\/strong>.\u00a01. Vxg7+ Kh8 2. Vxf7+<\/strong> Prvn\u00ed odta\u017en\u00fd \u0161ach.\u00a02. … Kg8 3. Vg7+ Kh8 4. Vxd7+\u00a0<\/strong>Druh\u00fd.\u00a04. … Kg8 5. Vg7+ Kh8 6. Vxc7+\u00a0<\/strong>T\u0159et\u00ed.\u00a06. … Kg8 7. Vg7+ Kh8 8. Vxb7+\u00a0<\/strong>\u010ctvrt\u00fd.\u00a08. … Kg8 9. Vg7+ Kh8 10. Vxa7+\u00a0<\/strong>P\u00e1t\u00fd.\u00a010. … Kg8 11. Vxa6\u00a0<\/strong>a vyhraje. Tak co, spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te i vy 11 tah\u016f naslepo?<\/p>\n

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A zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem odta\u017en\u00e9ho \u0161achu je dvoj\u0161ach<\/strong>, kdy \u0161ach d\u00e1vaj\u00ed ob\u011b figury, ta p\u0159edn\u00ed i ta zadn\u00ed. Proti dvoj\u0161achu se d\u00e1 br\u00e1nit jen \u00fastupem kr\u00e1le (pokud je kam), nelze p\u0159edstavit ani sebrat jednu ze \u0161achuj\u00edc\u00edch figur.\u00a01. Sb5++ mat!<\/strong><\/p>\n

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V kn\u00ed\u017ek\u00e1ch miniaturek i taktiky se opakuje partie\u00a0Distl – Rozsypal, Praha 1900: 1. Dd8+!!\u00a0<\/strong>Ob\u011b\u0165 d\u00e1my za p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1le do dvoj\u0161achu.\u00a01. … Kxd8 2. Sa5++ Ke8 3. Vd8 mat.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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A nakonec partie, kterou uv\u00e1d\u00ed Ji\u0159\u00ed Vesel\u00fd (Psychologick\u00fd pr\u016fvodce \u0161achovou parti\u00ed, s. 134) jako anekdotu. B\u00edl\u00fdmi pr\u00fd hr\u00e1l velmistr Bogoljubov<\/strong> v simult\u00e1nce, \u010dern\u00e9 m\u011bla n\u011bjak\u00e1 sle\u010dna a cht\u011bla se u\u017e vzd\u00e1t. Po 1. … Kf8 dostane vidli 2. Jxe6+. Po 1. … Ke8 2. Jxe6 m\u00e1 chycenou d\u00e1mu. Po 1. … Kg8 2. Jxe6 De8 dostane vidli 3. Jxc7. A nejde ani 1. … Kg6 pro 2. Sd3+ s matov\u00fdm \u00fatokem.

Bogoljubov j\u00ed tedy navrhl, \u017ee si figury vym\u011bn\u00ed a on bude pokra\u010dovat \u010dern\u00fdmi. Sle\u010dna byla r\u00e1da, ale ne dlouho: p\u0159i\u0161lo\u00a01. … Kg8! 2. Jxe6 De8 3. Jxc7?? Sb4++ mat!!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee: pozor na odtahy!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Odtah, odta\u017en\u00fd \u0161ach, dvoj\u0161ach Dne\u0161n\u00ed t\u00e9ma je podobn\u011b jako vazba t\u00e9ma geometrick\u00e9. Zase budeme m\u00edt t\u0159i figury v \u0159ad\u011b, tentokr\u00e1t ale ta prost\u0159edn\u00ed bude na\u0161e a odt\u00e1hne stranou, tak\u017ee se otev\u0159e dr\u00e1ha pro figuru za n\u00ed. Na prvn\u00edm diagramu b\u00edl\u00fd zahraje\u00a01. d4!\u00a0a t\u00edmto odtahem b\u00edl\u00fd st\u0159elec napad\u00e1 d\u00e1mu, tak\u017ee po jej\u00edm \u00fastupu p\u0159ijde dxc5 a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[7,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mladez","category-trenink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18791"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18806,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18791\/revisions\/18806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sachyuo.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}